Preheat oven to 350°F with a rack in the middle position.
In the bowl of a stand mixer with the paddle attachment (or using a large bowl with a hand mixer) beat the butter and sugar together at medium speed.
4 Tablespoons unsalted butter, 1 cup sugar
Add the eggs one at a time, combining fully before adding the other.
2 large eggs
Add the vanilla and orange zest, and briefly mix to combine.
½ teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ Tablespoon orange zest
Reduce speed to low. Add the flour, baking powder, dried figs, walnuts, and salt and mix until just combined.
2 cups all purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder, ¼ teaspoon salt, 1 cup chopped dried figs, ¾ cup chopped walnuts
Remove the dough from the bowl and split into two halves. The dough will be sticky but not overly wet.
Roll the dough out into two logs approximately 12 inches long and 2 inches wide (slightly flattened with your hands). Place on a silicone mat or parchment lined baking sheet.
Bake the loafs for about 20 minutes, or until they are starting to develop cracks on the top.
Remove from the oven and let the logs cool for only 10 minutes.
Use a sharp knife to cut the logs, at a diagonal, into cookies approximately 1/2 inch thick.
Place all of the slices onto the baking sheet again (touching is fine as they will no longer expand).
Put the cut cookies back in the oven for an additional 15 minutes.The cookies will feel crisp on top but still slightly "give" and push down in the middle.
Remove from the oven and let cool on a cooling rack completely. They will harden more as they cool.
Store in an air tight container up to 1 month.
Notes
If decorating with glaze, do not do this until the cookies are cool. Otherwise the glaze will run off and not stick.